Unix/Linux systems are different than windows in another big way. They have a great amount of small tools that accomplish relatively small tasks and you sometimes need to put together several commands to get what you want. Knowing how to automate these procedures by shell script, make, perl, alias etc, can greatly improve your efficiency. Windows system, on the other hand, tends to have several huge, comprehensive and independent applications. They are usually easy to use but leave no room for cutomization and automation.
If not clearly specified, all applications mentioned below are for Unix. It is impossible to explain each command in detail so only the most typical usage are shown, usually in the form of examples. You can find out more about these commands easily by either googling the internet for tutorials or using the man or siteman commands to get their manuals.