next up previous
Next: Some Applications. Up: Interchange of Differentiation and Previous: Interchange of Differentiation and

Theory.

We begin by stating the dominated convergence theorem. This may be found in any standard book that has measure theory - e.g. Chung's A Course in Probability Theory, or Royden's Real Analysis.

  theorem141

Now we state and prove the theorem of interest.

  theorem145

Proof. For convenience, let tex2html_wrap_inline495 = tex2html_wrap_inline499 . Suppose tex2html_wrap_inline501 , then by the mean value theorem (Theorem 5.10, p. 108 of Rudin), if tex2html_wrap_inline503 and tex2html_wrap_inline505 , then

displaymath415

for some tex2html_wrap_inline507 , and in particular for all tex2html_wrap_inline501 ,

  equation166

Now let tex2html_wrap_inline511 be any sequence in tex2html_wrap_inline513 converging to 0. Then by linearity of the integral,

displaymath416

Thus, we have for each fixed tex2html_wrap_inline503 , the sequence of functions

displaymath417

converges tex2html_wrap_inline519 -a.e. to tex2html_wrap_inline521 , and by (gif), tex2html_wrap_inline523 , tex2html_wrap_inline519 -a.e., and G is tex2html_wrap_inline519 -integrable by assumption. Hence, by the dominated convergence theorem (Theorem gif), tex2html_wrap_inline531 tex2html_wrap_inline533 tex2html_wrap_inline535 , i.e.

displaymath418

Since the sequence tex2html_wrap_inline511 tex2html_wrap_inline533 0 was arbitrary, it follows that

displaymath419

(See e.g. Theorem 4.2, p. 84 of Rudin for this result which extends a limit from an arbitrary sequence to a continuous limit.) This last display states that tex2html_wrap_inline495 is differentiable and the derivative is the r.h.s. This proves the Theorem.
tex2html_wrap_inline545


Dennis Cox
Mon Sep 15 17:14:40 CDT 1997